All quantum gravity approaches lead to small modifications in the standard laws of physics which lead to violations of Lorentz invariance. One particular example is the extended standard model (SME). Here, a general phenomenological approach for extensions of the Maxwell equations is presented which turns out to be more general than the SME and which covers charge non--conservation (CNC), too. The new Lorentz invariance violating terms cannot be probed by optical experiments but need, instead, the exploration of the electromagnetic field created by a point charge or a magnetic dipole. Some scalar--tensor theories and higher dimensional brane theories predict CNC in four dimensions and some models violating Special Relativity have been shown to be connected with CNC and its relation to the Einstein Equivalence Principle has been discussed. Due to this upcoming interest, the experimental status of electric charge conservation is reviewed. Up to now there seem to exist no unique tests of charge conservation. CNC is related to the precession of polarization, to a modification of the $1/r$--Coulomb potential, and to a time-dependence of the fine structure constant. This gives the opportunity to describe a dedicated search for CNC.
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机译:所有量子引力方法都会导致对标准物理定律的微小修改,从而导致违反洛伦兹不变性。一个特定的例子是扩展标准模型(SME)。在这里,提出了麦克斯韦方程扩展的一般现象学方法,该方法比SME更为通用,并且也涵盖了电荷非守恒(CNC)。不能通过光学实验探究新的违反洛伦兹不变性的术语,而是需要探索由点电荷或磁偶极子产生的电磁场。一些标量张量理论和高维布氏理论在四个维度上预测CNC,并且已经证明某些违反狭义相对论的模型与CNC相关,并讨论了其与爱因斯坦等效原理的关系。由于这一即将到来的兴趣,对电荷守恒的实验状态进行了回顾。到目前为止,似乎还没有独特的电荷守恒测试。 CNC与极化的进动,对$ 1 / r $-Coulomb势的修改以及精细结构常数的时间依赖性有关。这使您有机会描述专用于CNC的搜索。
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